Constitutional Cases
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Constitutional

Ninth Circuit
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United States v. Sanchez — Ninth Circuit Adopts ‘Heavy Presumption of Prejudice’ Standard When Racially Biased Juror Is Removed Mid-Deliberation

The Ninth Circuit holds that when a racially biased juror is discovered and removed before a verdict is accepted, courts must apply the Remmer framework’s heavy presumption of prejudice—and reverses a tax-fraud conviction because the government could not rebut that presumption.

California Supreme Court
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People v. Morris — California Supreme Court Says Non-Killer Must Aid the Lethal Act, Not Just the Underlying Felony, to Be Guilty of First-Degree Felony Murder

The California Supreme Court holds that a non-killer accomplice with intent to kill is guilty of first-degree felony murder only if they aided the actual killer in the lethal act itself, not merely the underlying felony — reopening resentencing for many defendants previously denied.

2nd District Court of Appeal
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Jessica M. v. CDCR — Penal Code Section 3051 Youth Offender Parole Hearings Constitutional as Applied to Forcible Sex Offenders Sentenced Under Section 667.6

Second District holds that Penal Code section 3051 youth offender parole hearings are constitutional as applied to forcible sex offenders sentenced under section 667.6’s full consecutive sentence scheme, finding that section 3051 did not improperly amend Proposition 83 (Jessica’s Law).

2nd District Court of Appeal
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People v. Hardy — California’s Assault Weapon, Silencer, and Large-Capacity Magazine Bans Survive Second Amendment Facial Challenge After Bruen

Second District rejects facial Second Amendment challenges to California’s prohibitions on assault weapons, short-barreled shotguns, silencers, and large-capacity magazines, holding that these regulations survive scrutiny under Heller, Bruen, and the common use test.

Supreme Court
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People v. Bertsch and Hronis — Convictions Affirmed, Bertsch Death Sentence Stands, but Hronis Death Sentence Vacated Because of Later Changes to Self-Representation Law

The California Supreme Court affirms the convictions and Bertsch’s death sentence in this 1985 kidnap-rape-murder case but reverses Hronis’s death sentence because of post-trial changes in the law governing a defendant’s mental competency to represent himself.

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